Synaptic Transmitters Involved in LSD Administration :: Serotonin Psychology Essays

Synaptic Transmitters Involved in lysergic acid diethylamide Administration The nearly synchronous discovery of serotonin (5-HT) and lysergic acid diethylamide-25 in the 1950 s encouraged a lot of explore to be done on the relationship between lysergic acid diethylamide and serotonin, which helped to arrive a greater understanding of the role serotonin plays as a neurotransmitter in the brain (Nichols, 2004). Today it is believed that LSD (and other hallucinogens) stimulate 5-HT2A sense organs (Kalat, 2004). activation of these receptors ca ingestions cortical glutamate levels to increase. This is presumed to be a result of a presynaptic receptor-mediated release from neurons in the thalumus (Nichols, 2004).Early studies proposed that LSD antagonized the effects of serotonin on peripheral tissues. It was afterward proposed that the psychoactive properties of LSD may be a result of the close up of serotonin receptors in the central nervous system (Nichols, 2004). This theory w as temporary however when it was discovered that a brominated derivative of LSD (BOL),a potent serotonin antagonist in peripheral tissues, was found to have essentially no LSD like effects. In 1961, Freedman found that systematic use of LSD elevated serotonin content in the brain (cited in Nichols, 2004). In a later register in 1967, Rosencrans, et al. reported that LSD also reduced brain levels of acetic acid (5-HIAA) (cited in Nichols, 2004). The have findings of these two studies demonstrated that LSD decreased serotonin turnover in the brain.It is now widely accepted that hallucinogen meet is primarily dictated on receptor 5-HT2A. In a study done in 1955, scientists found that daily administration of LSD resulted in an almost plump loss of sensitivity to the drug after 4 days. It is now believed that this is a result of 5-HT2A receptor down-regulation (cited in Nichols, 2004). In a later study published in 1985, it was found that daily LSD administration selectively decrea sed 5-HT2 receptor density in rat brains (Nichols, 2004). Studies have shown that activation of 5-HT2A receptors increase inhibitory post-synaptic potentials. However, when compared to serotonin, the maximum effect produced by LSD is 30-50% of that of serotonin. LSD is therefore a partial agonist, rather than an antagonist (Nichols, 2004). Antagonists block the action of a neurotransmitter, whereas agonists mimic or increase the effects of a neurotransmitter (Kalat, 2004). Conversely, LSD is a weak agonist when compared to less intoxicating compounds with stronger behavioral influences. then it is thought that LSD must either activate another monoamine receptor that works with