Cancer Is The Father Of Medicine - 1458 Words

Cancer is when the cells in a part of the body start to grow out of control. Many types of cancer exist, but they all start the same way, out-of-control growth of cells. It is the second leading cause of death in the United States.The word cancer is credited to the Hippocrates, who is also considered the father of medicine. About one-half of all men and one-third of all women will develop cancer at some point in their lifetime. The first evidence of cancer was found among fossilized bone tumors, human mummies in ancient Egypt, and ancient manuscripts. Types of cancer like osteosarcoma and bony skull destruction, that has been found in the head and neck have been found in things like mummies. The oldest description of cancer was†¦show more content†¦The Lymph theory is falls along the humoral theory in a sense. The people that came up with the lymph theory believe that lymph and blood were the most important bodily function and â€Å"Stahl and Hoffman theorized that cancer was composed of fermenting and degenerating lymph† (http://www.cancer.org). This theory gained a lot of support because scientist agreed that tumors grew from lymphs because they are thrown out by blood. The Blastema theory is a theory created by Johannes Muller who thought that cancer was made up of cells and not lymph, but also believe that the cancer came from mutated cells not the normal ones. He has a student who was Rudolph Virchow who was determined that cancer cells are driven from other cells. Another theory is the Chronic irritation theory. This is not a major theory. Scientist Virchow proposed that chronic irritation was the cause of cancer. But he was wrong because cancer does not spread like liquid. A German surgeon showed him that cancers spreads through malignant cells and not through just any part of the body. The last two theories are Trauma and Infectious disease. When people didn’t really understand the causes of caner they thought that trauma was the reason behind the cause. There is not a lot of facts off of this theory. But with infectious disease two scientist named Zacutus Lusitani and Nicholas Tulp believe that cancer was contagious. This was based off of â€Å"their experiences with breast cancer in members of

The s Comment Justifying The Segregation Of The Churches...

Social Inequality: Lula s comment justifying the segregation of the churches isn t held by the other churchgoers, but it speaks to the separation that she experiences from white society. Reverend Sykes sermon regarding the impurity of women is a classic example of the conventionalism that seemed to preoccupy all clergy men. He puts more emphasis upon sexual dichotomy than sin; he even says that strange women are worse than bootleggers. Given Robinson s standing as contrasted to the Ewells, the latter s accusation should fall upon deaf ears, but this trial has become so major because no one is willing to take a black man s word as the truth, even though the Ewells are widely known to be repugnant and dishonest. The complexity of†¦show more content†¦She keeps herself busy by directing others and gossiping with other women. The setting begins on the same day that the previous chapter left off and continues for some time in the Finches household. Alexandria announces that she and Atticus had decided that a feminine influence was necessary in his children s lives (in spite of Calpurnia s presence), and that she will be staying with them for a number of years. Atticus affirms this, and Alexandria immediately settles herself within Maycomb s community, and she hypocritically assesses all other families as being inferior to her own. Scout goes on to explain that the fixation of heredity is justified by the light caste system of Maycomb, which is due to the nature of the county s foundation. After some time, it becomes apparent that Jem and Scout have little knowledge of their family, and Jem quickly extinguishes Alexandria s pride in one of their cousins. Atticus tells the siblings that they need to behave like proper Finches, and that Alexandria is willing to move them if necessary. His harshness and unfamiliarity soon pushes Scout break to tears, and his demeanor soon reverts; he tells them to disregard what he d just said and not to worry. Social Inequality: Alexandria s assertion that children need a feminine influence in their lives is outdated, but not for the time period. Her assumptions that Scout will become interested in stereotypical

Individualism or Collectivism - Click to Get Sample Solution

Question: Write an essay on Cultural Distance and Integration in International Management? Answer: Introduction In this assignment the chosen company on which the cultural distance and integration of international market will be discussed is TESCO. To analyze the cultural difference, the two best models is Hofstede and Trompenaars. These two models help in understanding the cultural differences of the employees of that company when they are working in two different countries. Both Hofstede and Trompenaars models mainly look into the matter that how people try to adopt them in a totally new environment that is totally different from their culture. They mix the culture of an organization with the culture of the nation and proceed to see that how the employees are adjusting them to the new culture and environment (Hofstede, 2011). Hofstede culture dimension of Tesco This culture dimension is segregated into six criterias. In case of Power distance dimension, there is no individualism in the society. The employees of Indian culture express their attitude within the organization and also towards the inequalities among them. The UK people do not involve themselves in among all types of classes where Indian people involve them in everything (Akanni and Ahammad, 2015). Individualism or Collectivism When it comes for individualism India ranks less than the rank of UK. Indian people believe in collectivism while UK mainly believes in individualism. The work culture of UK is very private while for the Indian culture they like to work with many people as they like to work with the group of people. The index of UK is more because they mainly believe in working alone but for the score for India is less as they believe in societies and collectivism (Alkailani, Azzam and Athamneh, 2012). Masculinity or Feminity UK scores high when the employees are measured, and it indicates the competition among the employees. The UK people are very competitive, but the Indian employees are not that competitive as the UK people. When the country is scoring high, then it can be said that the dominance side of an organization of that country is very high whereas when the core is less the dominance side of that country is low. The dominance side of Tesco India is much less than the dominance side of UK. Uncertainty Avoidance In Country like India and also the people of this country always tries to avoid the uncertainty that is coming their way. UK people are happy go lucky people they try to avoid tension but for the case of India they take tension easily. So, the score for this dimension is more for India in case of UK. Long term or Short term investment Both the countries believe in long term investment. The score is almost same for this country. They always think of their long term investment that will benefit them in their future. Indulgance In case of Indulgence the UK people believes in humanity and they involve themselves in many social responsibilities, and they believes in positivism whereas for India they are much behind UK as the economic strength of India is not that good so before involving themselves they have to think a lot (Kragh, 2012). Fons Trompenaars Model of TESCO: Trompenaars is further disturbed by the idea of culturally relations import at the individual stage of the study, afterward. This model carries a seven dimension of culture, which communicate well with a nationwide difference. The seven dimensions are the following: Universalism v particularism: Universalism focused on their rules, values, codes, etc. On the other hand, particularism thinks that human relations are much more important than the rules, ethics. For Tesco UK people are focused more toward rules, moral, ethics but Indian people think that maintain a relation is more important than following rules (Parente, Baack and Hahn, 2011). Individualism v Collectivism: In Tesco, UK people believe more toward individualism because their working culture is totally different. They think employees can work individually better than the group. On the other hand Tesco India, people think that working in a group is the best option to survive in the communitarian (Singh, Joshi and Mandhan, 2014). Neutral v affective: Tesco UK people are not emotionally attached with everybody because they think that showing emotion is not a good option while working in the organization. They think that employee should behave formally. On the other hand Tesco India, Indian people are more attach toward think so, they get affected due to some critical situation. People in India are formal, but they are more emotionally attached to the particular situation (Tang, 2012). Specific vs diffuse: Tesco UK analysis the whole situation after that they start working on those particular areas so that they can build their organization well. On the other hand Tesco India thinks that specific or small information are also important while building the organization. Achievement v ascription: In Tesco UK, people feel achievement when their colleagues appreciate on their working culture as well as reveal their knowledge accomplishment. On the other hand, Tesco India people feel proud when they achieve a single title related to their job. Time Orientation: Tesco UK, People, are very punctual in the working environment, they think that being in time is the good habit, and every individual should follow the every rules and regulation of the environment. On the other hand Tesco India, people are punctual but sometimes they are lazy toward their work. They are irregular at some point. Internal v external control: Tesco UK, they have an internal culture because employee believes that what occurs to them is their responsibility. On the other hand, Tesco India people have an external culture in which the surroundings outline their providence (Vidal-Suarez and Lopez-Duarte, 2013). Conclusion: While concluding, as per describe the researcher describe the two model of cultural dimension i.e. Hofstede and Trompenaars model. On the other hand, both these technique is fairly controversial and perceptibly defective. Consequently they should learn to utilize the survey and the database correctly. References Akanni, M. and Ahammad, M. (2015). National Cultural Distance and International Acquisition Performance. JOEBM, 3(2), pp.183-187. Alkailani, M., Azzam, I. and Athamneh, A. (2012). Replicating Hofstede in Jordan: Ungeneralized, Reevaluating the Jordanian Culture. IBR, 5(4). Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1). Kragh, S. (2012). The anthropology of nepotism: Social distance and reciprocity in organizations in developing countries. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 12(2), pp.247-265. Parente, R., Baack, D. and Hahn, E. (2011). The effect of supply chain integration, modular production, and cultural distance on new product development: A dynamic capabilities approach. Journal of International Management, 17(4), pp.278-290. Singh, V., Joshi, P. and Mandhan, S. (2014). Concept Integration using Edit Distance and N-Gram Match. IJDMS, 6(6), pp.01-11. Tang, L. (2012). The direction of cultural distance on FDI: attractiveness or incongruity?. Cross Cultural Management, 19(2), pp.233-256. Vidal-Suarez, M. and Lopez-Duarte, C. (2013). Language distance and international acquisitions: A transaction cost approach. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 13(1), pp.47-63. Yildiz, H. (2014). Not All Differences Are the Same: Dual Roles of Status and Cultural Distance in Sociocultural Integration in Cross-border MAs. Journal of International Management, 20(1), pp.25-37.

Michigan’s Lapsing Economy And Its Effect of Detroit Essay Example

Michigan’s Lapsing Economy And Its Effect of Detroit Essay â€Å"Michigan’s economy is in dire straits†, (Lyons, 2006) we learn from Karen Lyons, who works for the Center of Budget and Policy Priorities. She also informs us that, â€Å"Between 2000 and 2005, Michigan’s six percent decline in employment was the lowest employment growth in the nation and its personal income growth was second lowest among the states. Proponents of the Stop Overspending (SOS) initiative — a constitutional amendment modeled after Colorado’s Taxpayer Bill of Rights (TABOR) — have sought to take advantage of residents’ concerns about Michigan’s economic troubles by promoting their proposal as a cure for the economy. They argue that Colorado has experienced strong economic growth since TABOR’s adoption in 1992 and therefore Michigan could be expected to have similar growth if it were to adopt SOS. This is a flawed and misleading argument.†Without some type of proposal that will boost Michigan†™s economy, Detroit residents will suffer not only in their school systems, but their housing, medical and employment rate will drop because many of the current residents are moving to more productive cities where they can find better jobs and live in a more prosperous and thriving environment.This study compiles recently released 1990 U.S. Census Bureau data to measure the economic and fiscal policy performance of Michigans eleven largest cities – those with populations of over 75,000. Using an index of economic performance from 1980 to 1990 – based upon poverty rates, population growth, job growth, and per capita income – we find that six of Michigans largest cities experienced economic growth in the 1980s, and five suffered economic decline.Sources from The Mackinak Center explain that, (The Mackinak Center, 1993)   â€Å"The major issue addressed in this study is why those five Michigan cities were in a state of urban decline in the 1980s. Quite clearly , the decline of the auto industry had a huge effect on the economic well-being of Michigan cities. The transition toward a service and technology-based economy also played a major role in Michigans cities that have traditionally had a large manufacturing base. But we find in this study that a factor that has been overlooked in explaining the economic performance of Michigans cities is their contrasting fiscal policies. There are surprisingly large differences between the taxing and spending policies of Michigans growth cities and Michigans declining cities.†We can easily learn by reading from these sources and identifying that Detroit has been in serious economic trouble for many years. In order to promote a better economy, it is us to policy makers to consecutively make changes in order to boost the economy for all Detroit, Michigan residents, before its too late.We also see that, â€Å"This close relationship between high taxes and spending and low economic growth is not j ust coincidence nor is it attributable to the performance of just one or two cities. In fact, every one of the five declining cities was also ranked in the top five in taxes and spending. Comparing the economic performance of the six low tax and spend Michigan cities with the performance of the five high tax and spend cities.† We see that:1. Population declined in the high tax/spend cities by an average of 6 percent, versus no net population loss in the low tax/spend cities.2. Job growth was more than twice as rapid in the low tax/spend cities: 13 percent versus 6 percent.3. Poverty grew by 58 percent in the high tax/spend cities, versus only 21 percent in the low tax/spend cities.4. Real per capita income fell by 5 percent in the high/tax spend cities, but rose by 9 per-cent in the low tax/spend cities.David L. Littman explains that, (Littman, 2007) â€Å"Michigans state motto makes this confident claim: If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you (Si Quaeris Peninsulam Amoenam, Circumspice). Indeed, no other state in the union boasts more beachfront property than the Wolverine State.†Detroit has much to offer, but the resources of the state must be utilized in order to boost the economy for the state, so that Detroit’s depressed economy situation will start being productive.He also shares that, â€Å"More important for much of the 20th century, Michigan was a model of prosperity, a magnet for human capital attracting and retaining a critical mass of world-renowned engineers and entrepreneurs and seemed destined to be an economic engine for the nation. But then came the 1970s and the state has been sputtering ever since. Today, a deep fog has settled over a once bright business climate.The state was always particularly vulnerable to the ups and downs of auto sales. Still, Michigan was a veritable gold mine for wealth-building and wages until the 70s, when automakers began ceding market share to competitors at a pace of just under 1 % annually. Rather than being fleet-footed, the Big Three ignored challenges, suffered severe UAW strikes and accommodated uncompetitive compensation packages through 2006. This is a well-known decline and fall.†We understand that the auto industry has played a key role in the economy of Detroit.Conditions suggest that its more than a problem with the auto industry. Most recently the state has also experienced losses of headquarters and jobs in financial and pharmaceutical sectors, e.g., Comerica Bank and Pfizer. Even lumber yards, motels and other low-profile employers are hurting.Underpinning this downturn are a few economic myths that must be dispelled. Perhaps the most pernicious myth is that Michigan is caught in a cyclical recession.Detroit’s school system will steadily continue to suffer until this situation is fully resolved.We   understand that, â€Å"There are legacy costs and not just autoworker compensation packages. Unfunded liabilities attendant to pub lic-sector employee pensions and health care stand at $35 billion in Michigan. These rapidly rising costs are stealth taxes lying in wait.When will this change? State economic prospects are difficult to predict because organized labor the public education lobby in particular now controls most tax-and-spend policy levers. Michigans education lobby pressures the governor to pass higher sales taxes to be funneled into public schools: Pre-schooling, K-12 and 15 public universities. But the notion that tax hikes will give us a more educated work force, and therefore offer a competitive salvation, is probably the easiest myth to dispel. Michigan education budgets have experienced meteoric increases over the past two decades, but quality has not risen; nor has the plethora of funding stopped the outflow of Michigans most capable graduates.†Time Coalition offers, (Time Coalition, 2007) â€Å"Here are just a few of the reasons why members of TIME believe that Michigan has a tourism product worthy of national attention:n   Michigans unique geography provides visitors more miles of freshwater shoreline than any state in the country.n   Michigan ranks among the national leaders in total number of golf courses and number of golf courses per capita.n   Michigan retains its title as the number one boating state in the country with over 901,060 boats registered to private individuals.n   With over 40 downhill ski resorts, Ski magazine has named Michigan as the Midwests Top Ski Destination!n   Michigan boasts over 5,800 miles of snowmobile trails located in State ; National Forests, and is one of only three states that offer a large system of interconnected and groomed snowmobile trails.â€Å"Regardless of the season, Michigan offers some of the best in vacation and recreational opportunities nationwide. Unfortunately, few people outside of the Great Lakes region know this great tourism product exists. The members of TIME intend to improve awareness of Mich igan tourism opportunities to help grow our states economy!†There is much that can be done to boost the economy in the state of Michigan. Detroit’s schools can prosper and grow if the tourism industry picks up pace in the state so that Detroit can be able to produce revenue for the city.†The entire state of Michigan’s school system is suffering because of   economic depression in the state of Michigan.   (Martin, 2002) â€Å"As a recession and falling enrollment slam some of Michigans wealthiest public schools, some educators and politicians say its time to take a fresh look at how the state funds education.The struggling schools say reforms that Michigan voters passed in 1994 are threatening to change the way they educate kids.East Lansing could lay off an estimated 45 teachers next year. Okemos might slash budgets for sports and maintenance. Waverly and Mason are among the other mid-Michigan K-12 districts patching budget holes they say were primaril y blown by Proposal A the measure that switched the primary source of school funding from local property taxes to the state sales tax.We also see that â€Å"Proposal A has helped rural, less affluent schools improve programs as they cash in on a system designed to strike a better funding balance between rich and poor districts. But wealthy schools say theyve been squeezed for years by relatively small funding increases. And educators are concerned because the state will have to adjust its property tax collection schedule to pay next years $200 per-pupil increase exposing potential flaws in the system.†We also learn from the Lansing Journal that When this became law, everyone said the real test would be when the economy slows, Michigan Education Association spokeswoman Margaret Trimer-Hartley said. Now were facing that test.Its emerging as a key issue in the 2002 governors race. The candidates are considering ideas to adjust the system including ways to let certain district s raise more money and make the formula more recession-proof.But Proposal A stands as one of the most effective and significant accomplishments of the 1990s in Michigan, supporters say. It provided property tax relief and still boosted K-12 education funding to record levels.By helping to level funding between rich and poor districts, its given more students statewide the opportunity to have better computer labs, newer textbooks and expanded academic programs.Nearly 70 percent of Michigan voters favored the plan in 1994. And well over half would vote for it again if it were on the ballot today, according to a recent statewide poll.Governor John Engler and others say the system works. Their message: Wealthy districts should stop complaining and manage their money better.Schools have more money than ever and, in some districts, fewer students.So the question comes back to the school districts, (Shafer, 2002) Engler spokeswomanSusan Shafer explains.(Commerica Bank, 2006) We learn from Commerica Bank that, The restructuring of the Michigan-based auto manufacturing sector continues to overwhelm pockets of strength in other parts of the regional economy, according to Dana Johnson, Chief Economist at Comerica Bank. I dont expect the local economy to start recovering until the buyouts in the auto sector are largely complete. Comerica Bank compiles the Detroit Area Business Activity Index (DABAI) monthly from eight different measures of regional activity which are seasonally adjusted, corrected for inflation, and expressed as an index, with 1996 as base year equal to 100. The Economics Department of Comerica Bank has calculated the DABAI monthly since 1957; depicting Metro-Detroits economy over seven full swings of the U.S. business cycle. Comerica Incorporated (NYSE: CMA) is a financial services company headquartered in Detroit, strategically aligned by three business segments: The Business Bank, The Retail Bank, and Wealth ; Institutional Management. Comerica focuses on relationships and helping businesses and people to be successful.Detroit’s economy relies the state’s officials in building the economy for all of Detroit.WASHINGTON (CNN) (Frieden, 2006) Terry Frieden from CNN News tells us that â€Å"Murders in the United States jumped 4.8 percent last year, and overall violent crime was up 2.5 percent for the year, marking the largest annual increase in crime in the United States since 1991, according to figures released Monday by the FBI.†A bad economy can be blamed on much of the high crime rate in Detroit, Michigan. Many people resort to violence and criminal acts when a cities economy declines. We read that, â€Å"Robberies nationally increased Senior Justice Department officials struggled to make sense of the new figures, and said Attorney General Alberto Gonzales had ordered them to try to find out what may account for the increases.Richard Hertling, deputy assistant attorney general for legal policy, termed the n ew crime figures troubling, but stressed the numbers are preliminary, and do not lend themselves to easy conclusions.†;